tujuan lawatan = 参访目的。地点必须能直接支持所要学习的主题，回应也应说明证据并邀请组员协商。例子：研究先烈牺牲，就优先选择纪念碑而非无关景点。注意：距离近只是因素之一，不能取代核心学习目标。

tujuan lawatan = purpose of a visit. The location must directly support the intended topic, and the response should give evidence while inviting group agreement. Example: a study of sacrifice points to a memorial rather than an unrelated attraction. Watch out: proximity is only one factor and cannot replace the central learning goal.

keaslian karya = 作品原创性。主题合适不代表整项作品合格，影像与创意也必须由参赛组制作或按规则合法使用。例子：自己拍摄场景并编写旁白，才显示小组的原创成果。注意：不要把未知的时长或年龄当成证据。

keaslian karya = originality of the work. A suitable theme does not make the whole entry compliant; the footage and ideas must be created by the group or used as the rules permit. Example: recording original scenes and writing a new narration demonstrate the team’s own work. Watch out: do not invent evidence about duration or age.

sasaran kempen = 活动目标。目标分支记录计划要达到的可衡量成果，数字要保留单位和所指对象。例子：30 juta pelawat 是人数目标，RM100 bilion 是收入目标。注意：景点和交通因素很重要，但属于不同分类。

sasaran kempen = campaign targets. This branch records measurable outcomes that the plan aims to reach, keeping each number with its unit and meaning. Example: 30 juta pelawat is a visitor target, while RM100 bilion is a revenue target. Watch out: attractions and transport factors matter, but they belong to different categories.

nilai wira = 英雄价值。改写可以更换装置和危险类型，但人物仍应主动运用能力保护社区，并让行动与结果相连。例子：智能手表侦测火情后协助救援，保留了服务社会的核心。注意：寻找私人奖品不符合爱国主题。

nilai wira = heroic value. A modification may change the device and danger, but the character should still use an ability to protect the community through connected action and outcome. Example: detecting a fire with a smart watch and helping rescuers preserves public service. Watch out: searching for a private reward does not preserve the patriotic theme.

penanda jamak = 复数标记。完全重叠词本身已可表示复数，因此不要再与 semua 或明确数词叠加。例子：barang-barang pameran 已表示多件展品。注意：可写 semua gambar 或 tiga orang tokoh，但不应同时重复词根。

penanda jamak = plural marker. Full reduplication can already express plurality, so avoid combining it with semua or a precise numeral in the same phrase. Example: barang-barang pameran already means multiple exhibition items. Watch out: use semua gambar or tiga orang tokoh, not an additional repeated root.

kekuning-kuningan = 略带黄色。这个带 ke-...-an 的部分重叠形式表示颜色不完全或只是有些接近黄色。例子：kain kekuning-kuningan 可指米白中带黄。注意：重叠不会取消词根 kuning 的颜色意义。

kekuning-kuningan = somewhat yellowish. This partial reduplication with ke-...-an indicates a colour that is not fully yellow but tends towards it. Example: kain kekuning-kuningan may describe an off-white cloth with a yellow tint. Watch out: reduplication does not cancel the colour meaning of the root kuning.

lagu-lagu dan dedawai = 两种重叠结构。lagu-lagu 完整重复词根，属于完全重叠；dedawai 只重复并改变部分形式，属于单纯部分重叠。例子：分类时把词形拆开观察。注意：听到重复音节不足以判定类别。

lagu-lagu and dedawai = two reduplication patterns. Lagu-lagu repeats the complete root and is full reduplication, whereas dedawai repeats only part in a changed form and is simple partial reduplication. Example: separate and inspect each word structure before classifying it. Watch out: hearing a repeated syllable is not enough to identify the type.

rumusan Unit 14 = 第十四单元总结。真正的掌握包括有依据地选择、按功能整理资料、在创作中保留爱国价值，以及准确运用完全和部分重叠词。例子：小组以核对表规划展览，再用分类图和正确句子介绍内容。注意：背诵口号不能代替这些能力。

rumusan Unit 14 = Unit 14 summary. Genuine mastery combines evidence-based decisions, functional organisation of information, preservation of patriotic values in creative work, and accurate use of full and partial reduplication. Example: a team plans an exhibition with a checklist, then presents it through a graphic organiser and correct sentences. Watch out: memorising a slogan cannot replace these abilities.