catatan mendengar = 听力笔记。有效笔记把名称、功能和差异分栏，复述时便能重组完整资料。例子：在 pakis Boston 旁标记“清洁＋增加湿度”。注意：不要记录无关外观后便猜测功能。

catatan mendengar = listening notes. Useful notes separate names, stated functions and important differences so the information can be rebuilt into complete sentences. Example: write “cleans plus adds humidity” beside Boston fern. Watch out: recording an unrelated appearance does not justify guessing a function.

pilihan pasu = 花盆选择。题目提供明亮庭院和不同尺寸花卉，应从空间、容器大小、光照和浇水安排作判断。例子：根系较大的植物需要相称花盆。注意：有户外空间仍不能忽略每种植物的照顾差异。

pilihan pasu = choosing pots. The situation provides a bright yard and flowers of different sizes, so space, container size, light and watering should guide the decision. Example: a plant with a larger root system needs a suitably sized pot. Watch out: outdoor space does not remove differences in care between plants.

dialog yang dimurnikan = 修订后的对话。问句需要正确拼写、合适词缀、人物专名大写、引号和问号。例子：kata Sang Pari 可放在引语后并用逗号衔接。注意：感叹号不能取代真正提出问题时的问号。

dialog yang dimurnikan = polished dialogue. A question needs correct spelling, suitable affixes, capitalisation of a character name, quotation marks and a question mark. Example: kata Sang Pari may follow the quoted words with correct comma placement. Watch out: an exclamation mark cannot replace the question mark for a genuine question.

susunan jelas = 清楚语序。编辑时要让 ahli RAS 成为行动者，mengutip 为动作，sisa 为宾语，并保留地点和目的。例子：Murid menyapu laluan supaya pengunjung selamat。注意：把无生命物放成行动者会产生不合逻辑的意思。

susunan jelas = clear word order. Editing should make ahli RAS the actor, mengutip the action and sisa the object while retaining the place and purpose. Example: Murid menyapu laluan supaya pengunjung selamat. Watch out: placing an inanimate object as an unsuitable actor can create an illogical meaning.

sepakat membawa berkat = 团结带来益处。线索不只是人数多，而是大家分工合作并提早完成花园修复。例子：居民共同轮流浇水，使幼苗健康成长。注意：若人物只是聚集却没有协作，便不能证明“同心带来成果”。

sepakat membawa berkat = agreement and cooperation bring benefit. The clue is not merely a large attendance; members share tasks and complete the restoration early. Example: residents take turns watering so seedlings grow well. Watch out: a crowd without cooperation does not demonstrate the proverb’s meaning.

fokus pelaku = 行动者焦点。题目要求突出酒店方，所以应把 pihak hotel 放在主语位置并使用主动动词。例子：Pengurus mengurangkan penggunaan plastik 强调经理采取行动。注意：被动句虽可表达同一事件，焦点却在承受动作的事物。

fokus pelaku = focus on the actor. To highlight the hotel, place pihak hotel as the subject and use an active verb. Example: Pengurus mengurangkan penggunaan plastik emphasises the manager taking action. Watch out: a passive sentence may describe the same event but places its focus on the receiver of the action.

aktif kepada pasif = 主动转被动。原宾语 bekas kitar semula 移到前面，menyusun 改为 disusun，原行动者放在 oleh 后，地点保持不变。转换后要朗读全句，确认地点资料仍然保留。例子：Poster digantung oleh murid di dewan。注意：不要把地点误当成执行动作的主语。

aktif kepada pasif = active to passive. Move the original object, bekas kitar semula, to the front, change menyusun to disusun, place the actor after oleh and retain the location. Example: Poster digantung oleh murid di dewan. Watch out: do not mistake the location for the actor performing the action.

pasif kepada aktif = 被动转主动。oleh 后的 lampu solar 是行动者，要移到句首；diterangi 改为 menerangi，原主语成为宾语，时间保持。例子：Petugas memeriksa paip 是对应的主动形式。注意：转换不能改变谁照亮什么。

pasif kepada aktif = passive to active. The actor after oleh, lampu solar, moves to the front; diterangi becomes menerangi, the former passive subject becomes the object, and the time is retained. Example: Petugas memeriksa paip is the active form of Paip diperiksa oleh petugas. Watch out: conversion must not change what illuminates what.