penerangan proses = 过程说明。完整回答必须依时间顺序连接分类、受控分解和使用成熟堆肥三个阶段。例子：先去除塑料，再处理菜叶。注意：只说最终产品会让听者无法照着步骤行动。

penerangan proses = process explanation. A complete response links separation, controlled decomposition and the use of mature compost in time order. Example: remove plastic before treating vegetable scraps. Watch out: stating only the final product leaves the listener unable to follow the process.

isi rumusan = 总结内容。三份材料分别提供目的、行动步骤和社会呼吁，需合并为一个简洁中心。例子：活动通过分类与回收推动公众共同保护环境。注意：礼品清单是细节，不应占据总结主体。

isi rumusan = summary content. The sources contribute purpose, action steps and a public appeal, which should be combined into one concise central idea. Example: a programme uses separation and recycling to involve the public in environmental care. Watch out: a list of rewards is detail and should not dominate the summary.

tulisan berangkai rasmi = 正式连笔书写。可读性来自稳定字形、恰当连接、词间距离与准确标点，而不是追求最快速度。例子：称呼后的逗号仍需保留。注意：字体风格不能成为修改拼写的理由。

tulisan berangkai rasmi = formal cursive writing. Legibility comes from consistent letter forms, suitable joins, word spacing and accurate punctuation rather than maximum speed. Example: retain the comma after a salutation. Watch out: handwriting style is not a reason to alter spelling.

idea syair = 诗歌思想。先为每节写一个要点，再找共同主题，便能从动物、植物和人类用途归纳保护河流的重要性。例子：栖息地与农业看似不同，却都依赖洁净水源。注意：演唱方法不能代替内容总结。

idea syair = poem idea. Write one point for each stanza and identify their shared theme to connect animals, plants and human uses with river care. Example: habitat and agriculture appear different but both depend on clean water. Watch out: describing the chanting method does not replace a content summary.

bateri rosak = 损坏电池。设备应保持完整并交给合格电子废物收集者，避免自行拆开、加热或燃烧。例子：学校回收活动若有授权收集渠道，可依指示交付。注意：普通垃圾桶不能控制电池的化学与火灾风险。

bateri rosak = damaged battery. Keep the device intact and give it to an authorised e-waste collector rather than opening, heating or burning it. Example: use a school collection programme only when it connects to an approved channel. Watch out: an ordinary bin cannot control the chemical and fire risks of a battery.

pasif kami = kami 被动句。原宾语 data peribadi 放前面，kami 紧接词根 padam；后半句 tablet itu kami serahkan 也使用同一模式。改写后再核对资料和对象没有遗漏，并保留原句的时间与接收者，避免意思改变。例子：Dokumen itu kami simpan。注意：不要加入 di- 或把 kami 放在 oleh 后。

pasif kami = passive with kami. Move data peribadi forward and place kami directly before the root verb padam; tablet itu kami serahkan follows the same pattern. Example: Dokumen itu kami simpan. Watch out: do not add di- or place kami after oleh in this construction.

pasif kepada aktif = 被动转主动。oleh 后的 pegawai terlatih 是行动者，应移到句首；diasingkan 改为 mengasingkan，原主语成为宾语。转换完成后朗读全句，确认原意未变。例子：Juruteknik memeriksa bateri。注意：转换后仍须由人员执行分类动作。

pasif kepada aktif = passive to active. The actor after oleh, pegawai terlatih, moves to the front; diasingkan becomes mengasingkan, and the former subject becomes the object. Example: Juruteknik memeriksa bateri. Watch out: the trained person must remain the one carrying out the separation.

bezakan pelaku = 区分行动者。kami 使用“宾语＋kami＋词根”，第三人称 pegawai 使用 di- 动词和 oleh，两句仍保留原动作方向。同一段落也可能同时出现两种结构。例子：Telefon itu saya simpan；Telefon itu disimpan oleh ibu。注意：先辨认行动者人称，再选择结构。

bezakan pelaku = distinguish the actor. Kami uses object plus pronoun plus root verb, while a third-person actor such as pegawai uses a di- verb and oleh, with the original action preserved. Example: Telefon itu saya simpan; Telefon itu disimpan oleh ibu. Watch out: identify the actor’s person before choosing the pattern.