urutan kepimpinan = 领导顺序。负责任的故事从了解指示开始，再分工、协助解决困难并检查成果。例子：先确认安全规则，之后才带领队员搭建设施。注意：赞扬是努力后的结果，不能放在故事开头。

urutan kepimpinan = leadership sequence. A responsible story begins with understanding instructions, then assigning work, helping through difficulty and checking the outcome. Example: confirm safety rules before leading the team to build anything. Watch out: praise follows the effort and should not appear as the opening event.

adil = 公平。即使对象是自己的朋友，也使用同一规则，才是可观察的公正证据。例子：根据统一标准分配值日任务，而不是优待亲近的人。注意：讲话时间最长与公平无直接关系。

adil = fair. Applying the same rule even to a close friend is observable evidence of fairness. Example: assign duty by one shared standard rather than favouring familiar people. Watch out: speaking for the longest time has no direct connection with treating others fairly.

ciri utama = 主要特质。守时对应责任感，礼貌对应尊重，不偏袒对应公平，因此总结应合并这些有证据的特点。例子：可用“行动一致”说明并非偶尔表现。注意：受欢迎或人人同意都没有事实支持。

ciri utama = central qualities. Punctuality shows responsibility, politeness shows respect and avoiding favouritism shows fairness, so the summary should combine those supported traits. Example: consistent action shows the behaviour is not occasional. Watch out: popularity and universal agreement are not supported by the evidence.

awal surat = 书信开头。私人书信在正文主要内容前要有寄件地址、日期、问候和称呼，让收件人知道来源及沟通对象。例子：问候家人近况后再说明写信目的。注意：正式编号和脚注不是这类书信的必要开头。

awal surat = beginning of an informal letter. Before the main content, include the sender's address, date, greeting and salutation so the recipient knows the source and audience. Example: ask about the family's well-being before stating the purpose. Watch out: an official reference number and footnote are not required opening parts.

hubungan rapat = 亲密关系。“像肉与指甲”比喻彼此紧密、互相照顾的关系，不要求所有人完全相同。例子：朋友尊重不同饮食习惯并共同完成任务。注意：亲近来自体谅，不是强迫一致。

hubungan rapat = close relationship. The proverb compares people to flesh and nail to show closeness and mutual care, not complete sameness. Example: friends respect different dietary practices while completing a task together. Watch out: closeness grows from consideration, not from forcing everyone to agree.

predikat diperluas = 扩展谓语。“dengan jelas”说明讲解的方式，因此加入谓语部分。例子：“mencatat pesanan di studio”也添加动作内容与地点。注意：yang petah itu 紧跟主语，是主语扩展。先找动作，再看补充说明的位置，才能确认扩展部分属于谓语。

predikat diperluas = expanded predicate. Dengan jelas explains the manner of the explanation, so it extends the predicate. Example: mencatat pesanan di studio adds action content and place. Watch out: yang petah itu stays with the subject and therefore expands the subject instead.

larangan keselamatan = 安全禁止。湿滑楼梯旁推人会造成即时危险，应用 jangan 清楚制止。例子：“Jangan tolak rakan berhampiran tangga。”。注意：邀请进入房间用 sila，请求帮助则用 tolong。先确认危险行为，再选择能立即制止动作的句型。

larangan keselamatan = safety prohibition. Pushing near a wet staircase creates immediate danger, so jangan should clearly stop the action. Example: Jangan tolak rakan berhampiran tangga. Watch out: use sila for an invitation to enter and tolong when requesting help.

teguran berintegriti = 诚信劝告。礼貌邀请大家共同核对记录，既尊重对方，也公开处理错误。例子：发现数据不一致时，请相关成员一起检查来源。注意：隐藏资料或把集体决定推给一人都违背诚信。

teguran berintegriti = feedback with integrity. Politely inviting the group to check a record respects others and addresses an error transparently. Example: when data conflict, ask the relevant members to examine the source together. Watch out: hiding evidence or blaming one person for a group decision violates integrity.