semakan sumber = 来源核对。叙述前要分别记录文字、视频和图片提供的事实，找出相互印证之处，再按时间或因果排列。例子：先确认日期、分工和成果都来自资料。注意：颜色鲜明的图片不一定包含最关键的信息。

semakan sumber = source checking. Before telling the story, record facts from writing, video and pictures, identify what they confirm together, and arrange events by time or cause. Example: verify that the date, division of duties and outcome all come from the supplied sources. Watch out: the most colourful picture may not contain the most important evidence.

pengumuman berkesan = 有效公告。呈现时要突出听众必须采取行动的资料，如日期、地点、类别和报名方式，并保持清楚节奏。例子：读出截止日后短暂停顿。注意：公告不是人物对话，不需要为每个数字安排角色声音。

pengumuman berkesan = effective announcement. Highlight information that listeners need for action, such as date, venue, category and registration steps, using a clear pace. Example: pause briefly after stating the closing date. Watch out: an announcement is not character dialogue, so each number does not need a different dramatic voice.

gaya cerpen = 短篇故事表达。短篇有叙述者、人物、冲突和解决，所以声音要帮助听众分辨角色及情绪变化。例子：人物担心迟到时语气急促，决定救人时转为坚定。注意：不能把故事读成没有情感层次的事项清单。

gaya cerpen = short-story delivery. A short story contains a narrator, characters, conflict and resolution, so the voice should help listeners distinguish roles and emotional changes. Example: sound hurried when a character fears being late, then firm when that person decides to help. Watch out: do not reduce a story to a flat list of events.

alasan kritis = 批判性理由。它会比较承诺、机会能否重来、对他人的影响和补救方案，而不是只看方便或跟随朋友。例子：年度比赛优先，同时预约下次可重复的课程。注意：受欢迎的选择未必符合自己的责任。

alasan kritis = critical justification. It compares commitments, whether an opportunity can recur, effects on other people and a replacement plan instead of relying on convenience or friends. Example: prioritise an annual competition while booking the next available class. Watch out: the popular choice may not match your own responsibilities.

langkah susulan = 后续步骤。负责任的答案除了决定，还说明如何通知相关者、补回延后的事项或调整时间。例子：选择完成家庭责任后，立即电邮教练安排下一场训练。注意：没有沟通的假设不是可实行方案。

langkah susulan = follow-up action. A responsible answer goes beyond the decision by explaining how to inform others, replace a postponed activity or adjust the schedule. Example: after choosing a family duty, email the coach immediately to arrange another training session. Watch out: assuming agreement without communication is not a workable plan.

unsur persembahan Jawi = 爪夷文呈现要素。观众应能看清字形、听懂读法、理解比喻，并通过生活例子认识其中价值。例子：用分担家务说明亲密互助。注意：只翻译一个词无法表达完整的比喻关系。

unsur persembahan Jawi = elements of a Jawi presentation. The audience should see the script clearly, hear accurate reading, understand the comparison and meet its value through a daily example. Example: sharing household duties demonstrates close mutual support. Watch out: translating one isolated word cannot communicate the whole figurative relationship.

objek di hadapan = 宾语提前。原句中的安全是动作承受对象，应移到被动句句首，动词改用被动形式，而学生仍然是执行动作的人。例子：“Pasukan memilih ketua”可变成“Ketua dipilih oleh pasukan”。注意：转换时不要颠倒谁作出选择，也不要遗漏原来的受事对象。

objek di hadapan = object moved forward. Keselamatan, the original object, begins the passive sentence, the verb becomes diutamakan, and murid itu remains the doer. Example: Pasukan memilih ketua becomes Ketua dipilih oleh pasukan. Watch out: do not reverse who made the choice when changing the sentence focus.

pelaku ke hadapan = 施事者前置。oleh Kavitha 表明执行者是 Kavitha，转成主动句时把她放在句首，使用 mengisi，并保留 borang itu 为宾语。例子：“Hadiah diterima oleh Mei”转为“Mei menerima hadiah”。注意：受事物不能被误写成执行动作的人。

pelaku ke hadapan = doer moved forward. Oleh Kavitha identifies Kavitha as the performer, so the active sentence begins with her, uses mengisi and keeps borang itu as the object. Example: Hadiah diterima oleh Mei becomes Mei menerima hadiah. Watch out: the receiving object must not be mistaken for the performer.